There is a conflict between values or principles. Until the pathological processes of concussions are understood and methods of prevention are tested, there should be major changes in the game of football to decrease, if not eliminate, this primary cause of head trauma in young men.An ethical dilemma describes a conflict between two morally correct courses of action. As at Tuskegee, the concussion experiment violates basic bioethical principles. The Tuskegee Study violated basic bioethical principles of respect for autonomy (participants were not fully informed in order to make autonomous decisions), nonmaleficence (participants were harmed, because treatment was withheld after it became the treatment of choice), and justice (only African Americans were recruited). Ethical dilemmas Situations in which there is a choice to be made between two options, neither of which resolves the situation in an ethically acceptable fashion.In a situation with unsettling similarities to the infamous "Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male," youth and college football players today are part of what amounts to a massive and unethical experiment in concussions. An ethical dilemma is a situation or problem facing an individual that involves complex and often conflicting principles of ethical behavior.
Nevertheless, efforts are only recently under way to define the level of risk, refine the diagnostic techniques, and explore effective treatment for head injuries, all while it is well-known that the forceful collisions that are intrinsic to tackle football place hundreds of thousands of youth and young men at risk of harm from acute and chronic neurological damage. Indeed, what makes the comparison so illuminating is that coaches, parents, and health professionals all have the best interests of youth at heart. To meet legal requirements, health care workers must explain what is involved with treatment, the.The football concussion experiment differs from the Tuskegee Study in a key way, namely, concussion investigators are not knowingly misleading subjects to participate as was done at Tuskegee. 5).Full disclosure is critical to the informed consent process. Ethical dilemmas are situa-tions arising when equally compelling ethical reasons both for and against a particular course of action are recognized and a decision must be made (CNA, 2002, p. The dilemma is that you would be doing something right and wrong at the same time, and by taking ETHICAL DILEMMA AND ETHICAL DISTRESS There is a distinct difference between an ethical dilem-ma and ethical distress.
In some cases, the existence of Dilemma is a situation that requires a choice between options that are or seem equally unfavorable or mutually exclusive. The following approaches to solve an ethical dilemma were deduced: Refute the paradox (dilemma): The situation must be carefully analyzed. This means that African-American football players face a disproportionate exposure to the risk of concussions and their consequences.The biggest challenge of an ethical dilemma is that it does not offer an obvious solution that would comply with ethics al norms. Population (slightly less than 13 percent).
The majority of concussions in sport occur without loss of consciousness or frank neurologic signs. Indeed, the statement notes that "concussion is considered to be among the most complex injuries in sports medicine to diagnose, assess, and manage. With a lack of long-term prospective studies in high school and younger athletes who sustained concussions, there are more questions than conclusive answers." The Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport recommended, “a more conservative return to play approach for children and adolescents," motivated, it seems, by the lack of a sufficient evidence to offer more nuanced advice. In 2010, the American Academy of Pediatrics noted, "The long-term effects of concussions in athletes of all ages are cause for considerable concern. Although a national estimate comparable to the high school estimate was not available, football accounted for 70 percent of the collegiate concussions among males.Medical and legal concern over the acute treatment and long term consequences of these injuries has prompted many responses.
First, the over 4 million youth and high school players and over 65,000 college players, dwarfing other sports where concussions can also occur, mean that football contributes disproportionately to the concussion problem. While there is a risk of concussion in most sports, football is unique in two ways. More precise neurological scans and more sophisticated biochemical tests do nothing to reduce the incidence of concussions. As critical as these research and educational efforts are, it is important to point out that the resources are directed, for the most part, at attempts to ameliorate the trauma after damage has already occurred. The epidemiological evidence linking concussions to these outcomes is growing and has prompted the expenditure of tens of millions of new federal and private research dollars, as well as public education campaigns by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the NCAA.
In order to reduce harm, however, there could be immediate changes in the rules. Culture, does not seem feasible. In violation of the principle of autonomy, are parents of children and young college players themselves fully informed of the risks? Do non-professional players who have reached the age of consent sign agreements that meet the rigorous standards of medical research? Given that the medical community simply does not know the extent of the harm that can result from even one concussion, not to mention the fact that damage results even when there are not sufficient symptoms to diagnose concussion, continuing to allow the literally uncontrolled participation in football violates the harm principle, even if there were adequate consent.A ban on youth and high school football, so deeply entrenched in U.S. Until the risks are sorted out, only adults who have the autonomy to consent to participation in research should be exposed to tackle football, largely the professionals whose generous compensation enters into their personal calculations of risk and reward.
Definition Ethical Dilemma Trial Type Research
Out of fairness, special attention should be paid to these ethical principles in African-American communities, whose boys and young men, sadly, experience increased risks of poor health for many reasons other than football.The Tuskegee Study was a tragedy, but its lessons about racism and unethical research have strengthened research endeavors. To meet our ethical obligations given that the potential harm is so great, it is only through a formal clinical trial type research process that college football should proceed.Finally, not only does the disproportionate participation of African-American males in football unfairly expose them to yet another risk of poor health, but also raises the question of whether African-American communities have the information they need and deserve to consider and consent to this risk for their sons. However, the fact that only a tiny percentage go on to play professional football and earn fabulous salaries means that the benefits may not justify the risks. When it comes to college, players are old enough to consent formally.
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